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UBUMWE BW'ABANYARWANDA
N diyamamaza nk'umukandida ushaka
ihinduka ry'ibintu, umukandida ushaka ihinduka ry'imitekerereze, n'uw'icyizere.
Kurwanya ingeso yo kudahana, kugarura demokarasi mu gihugu cyanjye no
gushyiraho ingufu zanjye zose mu gutsura amajyambere yacyo agiye umujya umwe
mu bice by'ubukungu n'imibereho myiza, hubahirizwa Inzego z'Ubutegesi
zihamye kandi bishingiye ku bushake bw'Abanyarwanda : niyo ntego yanjye.
Gushakisha uburyo burambye
Mu bihe bishize, Abanyarwanda bazirikanye ku buryo
bucukumbuye uko ibintu byifashe mu bya politiki n'imibereho myiza, mu
by'amateka, mu by'ubukungu n'iby'umuco w'igihugu cyabo, basesengura
iby'ubutegetsi bwa cyami n'ubwa Repubulika byagisimburanye mo.
Bazirikanye kurushaho ku kibazo cy'u Rwanda rw'ejo, cyane
nyuma y'itsembabwoko mu Rwanda ryo muri 1994, n'ibindi byaha byibasiye
inyoko-muntu, kimwe n'ibikorwa by'itsembabwoko byakorewe impunzi z'abanyarwanda
n'abaturage ba Repubulika Iharanira Demokarasi ya Kongo, yasahuwe ubukungu
bwayo mu gushaka guhanya politiki ya mpatsibihugu mu karere y'Ubutegetsi
buriho i Kigali.
Muri ibyo bitekerezo byose, umwanzuro wavuyemo n'uko
babeshywe, gushidikanya ku bihe biri imbere, kutizera ubutegetsi buhora mu
ntambara. Iyo bareba imiterere y'ibyo bibazo, Abanyarwanda bibaza bucece
ibibazo bitabonerwa ibisubizo. Barashaka abayobozi baberekera ibibategereje
birushijeho kuba byiza kandi bakabaha icyizere cyo kubaho mu mahoro arambye
mu gihugu cyabo.
Uko ibintu biteye ubu, amahanga yagombye kubona uko
ibintu biteye, akavana isomo mu marorerwa aherutse, agahitamo ku buryo
bugaragara kandi buboneye hagati y'inzira ebyiri : Demokarasi cyangwa
Ubutegetsi bw'igitugu.
Kubera ubushobozi buke, abo baturage bibwira ko ibyo
basaba bikwiye igisubizo kibaha amizero, kinyuze mu guhindura ibintu mu
nzira ya demokarasi n'amatwara mashya ya politiki. Uko biri kose, abo
baturage nibo bagomba kugira icyo bakora, bakagikora ku buryo buboneye,
atari ku nyungu z'igihugu cyabo gusa, ariko ari no ku nyungu z'abo basangiye
imibereho bose kugira ngo babonere hamwe ibisubizo bikwiranye n'imiterere ya
politiki ari mu gihugu imbere, ari mu karere, ari no muri rusange.
Iryo hinduka ntiryoroshye, igihe umwuka wa politiki y'ubu
werekana ibirere byijimye mu Rwanda, ngo rwabohowe, ariko ni ngombwa.
Imvugo, akenshi itaboneye, kandi yivuguruza, y'abashinzwe
kugena aho baganisha abanyarwanda, igamije guhindura amateka yabo. Nta
murage nyawo (repères) washingirwaho mu gushinga ibirindiro mu gihugu cyacu.
Kuri bo byose ni"itsembabwoko". Abayobozi bose ba Repubulika, uretse
Perezida uriho, Generari Major Paur Kagame, ntibabikwiye kandi ni abicanyi.
Kuri bo, nta mateka akiriho uretse ayabo. Ibyo rero ntawabyemera. Iyo mvugo
rero, akenshi, isesereza, yuzuye agasuzuguro, ku bigaragaza muri rusange
ibyabaye ku Banyarwanda, ndetse n'uko amahanga abibona, ihisha uburyo
budashobotse abantu bariho ubu ngubu kandi igatatira bikomeye ibihe bizaza,
bitagira icyizere kuva FPR yagera ku butegetsi.
Ibohorwa ry'u Rwanda ryaririmbwe n’'’abitwaza gukunda
igihugu" ba FPR ntiryabaye, risigaye ku "ntero gusa" idahuje n'uko ibintu
biteye. Nyuma y'iryo "bohorwa", abanyarwanda baratsembatsembwe batagira
kivurira, bitswa n'inzara, bahunga igihugu cyabo umusubizo. Muri abo bajya
hanze muri iyi myaka ya nyuma, harimo abashoramari mu bukungu bw'igihugu,
bananijwe n'uburemere bw'amahoro n'imisoro badashoboye kwihanganira,
bakirukankira mu bindi bihugu nka Marawi, Zambiya, Mozambiki, Angora ndetse
na Madagaskari bashakayo umunezero: iryo ni "ihunga ry'imari y'igihugu". Ni
intambara y'ubuzima igihugu cyabo kidagishoboye kubaha. Ni ishyano rwose !
Icyizere cyari cyashyizwe mu mitwe y' abatutsi bari mu mahanga n'abari mu
gihugu n'abahutu bakunda demokarasi bakunze kwita "modérés", mu gihe
cy'itsinda rya FPR ryo mu minsi yashize, cyasimbuwe buhoro buhoro no
kuzeyuka, gushidikanya no kwivumbura bucece muri iki gihe.
Inzira yo guhanya demokarasi yatangiye muri 1990,
imishyikirano yakurikiye intambara, ishingiye kw'igabana ry'ubutegetsi
hagati ya Reta y'u Rwanda na FPR, Itegeko-ngenga ryavuyemo, izo ntango z'amahoro
arambye ubu zarasibanganijwe n'urwitwazo rushiturana, ko "hahagaritswe
Itsembabwoko".
Nacitse kw'icumu, nkurikiranywe n'ubwo bugome, sinumva
ukuntu ubwo bugome bwakomeza kuba urwitwazo rwo gusobanura amarorerwa,
ukwirengagiza, n'ubundi bushobozi buke butihishira, bwagaragaye mu byakozwe
ubu na FPR.
Abaturage b'u Rwanda babeshywe na FPR. Yari yabijeje
demokarasi, yahereyeko ihindukamo ubutegetsi bw'igitugu. Umuco wa demokarasi,
washingiweho mu guca ingoma ya cyami n'ishyirwaho rya Repubulika, wugarijwe
mu gihugu n'amategeko atumvikana, ateye nk'aya Starine, yamunzwe impande
zose n'agakoko rurimbuzi k'inyungu za politiki zigayitse, iz'ibintu no
gutonesha.
Ku buryo budashidikanwaho, amarangamutima yigaragaza mu
mbaga y'abanyarwanda idakoma, yaganjwe n'ubwoba no gutinya kurigiswa, n'uko
inzira ya demokarasi yatangiye muri 1990 yemewe ityo n'amasezerano y'Amahoro
ya Arusha yo muri kanama 1993, yakamuwemo ibiyigize, yimukira imikorere ya
FPR. Ikaba yihishe inyuma y'Impuzamashyaka "FORUM des PARTIS", ubutegetsi
buriho ubu i Kigali burashaka kuyishyira mu Itegeko-nshinga kugira bibuze
uburyo bwose bwo kwishyira hamwe no gutangaza ibitekerezo bya politiki byaba
bitayinyuzemo.
Biragaragara ko ihinduka ryifujwe cyane na rubanda kuva
miri 1990 itazavanywaho n'amacenga yireba gusa, bitongeye na none gushyira
mu byago ibihe bizaza by'Abanyarwanda. Iyo mikorere ihuza byose hamwe,
yashaje muri iki gihe, yashyizweho ku gahato habanje gukorwa ubugome
bwacecetswe, bwuzuye ingaruka ziremereye. Ni ngombwa ko abantu babona ibyo
izahitana mu bihe biri imbere bya kure, keretse rero abantu bemeranijwe ko
inzira ya demokarasi muri politiki y'igihugu ari ngombwa. Iyo nzira isaba
ubutwari, yewe ndetse no kwigomwa ku bari ku butegetsi muri iki gihe, ariko
mu by'ukuri niyo igize umuti yonyine w'imibabaro y'igihugu cyacu.
Abanyarwanda barashaka kwipakurura uburyo bwijimye
bashyizweho ku ngufu n'ubutegetsi bwavuye mu miyonga y'imvururu bitari
mw'ipiganwa mu mahoro. Barashaka uburenganzira bwo kuvuga icyo batekereza,
uburenganzira bwo kwinjira mu ishyaka rya politiki bihitiyemo, uburenganzira
bwo gukora ibyo batekereje, bwo kwishyira bakizana, bw'ibitekerezo bwite. Mu
yandi magambo, barashaka ibikubiye mu Itegeko-Nshingiro, aribyo gushyiraho
uburenganzira bunyuze mu nzira ya demokarasi no kwipakurura burundu ishyaka
rimwe rukumbi, n'iyo ryaba ryiyoberanije cyangwa ryipfuritse.
Ikibazo cy'ibanze ubu ngubu si icyo kumenya, ko ari yego
cyangwa oya, ko habaye itsembabwoko mu Rwanda, isubiranamo ry'abaturage,
itsembatsembana ry'amoko cyangwa se intambara ya FPR irwanya Kongo yitwaje
ko irwanyayo abakoze itsembatsemba. Abanyarwanda bazira ibyo bibi byose
bafite inshingano yo kwizera ibihe biri imbere birushijeho kuba byiza, yo
gutegereza ibisubizo nyabyo ku mibabaro yabo inyuranye. Barashaka kubivamo
vuba kandi bemye.
Kuva ubu rero ikibazo cy'ibanze kigomba kwigwa ni
uguhamya ibyemejwe n'inzira ya demokarasi no kumenya niba imikorere y'uburyo
bwa politiki kandi bushingiye ku nzego z'igihugu, imitunganyirize n'imivugururire
y'ibya politiki, iby'imibereho byiza n'iby'ubukungu bihuje n'amahame remezo
y'imicungire mu nzira ya demokarasi, byifujwe cyane n'abanyarwanda,
hubahirijwe inshingano n'uburenganzira bya buri muturage nk'uko byahamijwe
n'ibyemezo byo mu gihugu cyangwa mu rwego mpuzamahanga byo kurengera
uburenganzira bw'ikiremwa muntu.
Ku bwanjyye mbona ko ibyakozwe byose mu Rwanda, kuva
1994, bitashoboye kugerwaho n'ubutegetsi buriho ubu, hatabayeho umusanzu,
kungurwa ibitekerezo cyangwa se ukwivanga kutigaragaza kw'ibihugu
by'amahanga. Nyamara aya mahanga ntiyigeze ahangayikishwa no gusaba bimazeyo,
mu gihe nyacyo, ko abafite ubwo butegetsi bagendera mu nzira ya demokarasi,
cyangwa ko bagaragariza rubanda ibyo bakora. Igihugu kiyoborwa nk'umutungo
bwite wa Perezida wa Repubulika ushyiraho kandi agakuraho ba minisitiri,
abadepite, abayobozi b'intara n'abandi bakozi bakuru ba Reta, uko
abyishakiye. Uko ibintu biteye ntawabyemera. Ni ngobwa rwose ko habaho
ihinduka mu nzira ya demokarasi n'uburyo bwo kuyobora igihugu bugahinduka.
Nta kwibeshya : ugucengera kw'ibihugu by'amahanga
bigendera ku matwara ya demokarasi, byifashisha muri ibi bihe ubuyobozi
bufite ingufu za gisirikari, ariko zitanogeye abaturage, muri aka karere
kugira ngo barengere inyungu zabo mu karere k'Ibiyaga Bigari. Ibyo bihugu
ubwabyo bifunga amaso iyo demokarasi inyonzwe, ihinduriwe isura, igatana,
biturutse ku kutihanganirana, kwegezayo abandi, iterabwoba no kutita nkana
kenshi ku burenganzira bw'ikiremwa muntu.
Si njye njyenyine ubona uko kwirengagiza. Mbihuriyeho n'abanyarwanda,
n'Abanyekongo, n'Abarundi, batumva icyerekezo cy'inkunga ibihugu bimwe
bigendera ku matwara ya demokarasi biha buriya butegetsi bw'igitugu kandi
bw'agatsiko. Ibyerekezo by'inzira ya demokarasi bicirwamo buri gihe n'ibintu
bibonwa na bose ( mu Rwanda muri 1990, mu Burundi muri 1993 no muri Kongo
muri 1996 no muri 1998) n'iterabwoba ry'ubutegetsi buriho.
Muri iki gihe ibihugu bikunda demokarasi, bishyigikiye
ubutegetsi buriho mu Rwanda, byagombye kwiyemeza kugarura abayobozi bacyo mu
nzira iboneye yo kubaha inzira ya demokarasi, aho kubashyigira mu gukomeza
politiki yabo yica ibintu y'"ishyaka rimwe", bashora amafaranga mu matora
afite umuco utaboneye abaturage. Bidafashe icyemezo kigaragara ku ruhande
rwabo ku bibazo biriho ubu, abanyarwanda bazahera ku ngoyi y'agatsiko
kanezerewe, kizeye kuguma ku butegetsi barengera inyungu z'ibihugu bikomeye,
bibangamiye abanyarwanda.
Hagomba gushyirwaho igitugu kugira ngo uko gutana riteye
ibyago rikorwa ubu, rigamije kuduha ku ngufu demokarasi y'igice binyujijwe
mu Itegeko nshinga ryikorewe n'abari ku butegetsi ubungubu, rihagarara.
Ntawe uyobewe ko kujarajara mu nzira ya demokarasi n'inzego z'ubutegetsi nta
handi byatujyana uretse kukomeza gupfundikira abantu bizakurikirwa n'ingaruka
zinyuranye.
Umuntu yakumva ate ibyo bagayaga MRND, ishyaka rimwe
ryariho muri 1990, niba ubungubu bahishiriye ibigayitse byagomba kubwirwa
FPR, ishyaka rimwe naryo ku buryo bwaryo, kubera uburyo bukaze burangwa na
demukarasi nkeya ikoresha ihanganye n'abaturage kugira ngo igume ku butegetsi.
Benshi bazavuga batibeshya ko ubutegetsi bwa FPR burusha
ububi ubwa MRND. Nanjye ubwanjye ndabyemera kandi ndahamya ndanguruye ijwi
ibyo abandi banyarwanda benshi bavuga buhoro, kuko byatumye nta icyizere
cyane. Kenshi nibaza niba twaremeye, ntawe uvuyemo, ibitambo by'ubuzima
bw'abantu bingana kuriya kugira ngo dukomeze kujya turara dushigakurika :
kutihanganirana, ibintu bitaboneye, intambara, ubutegetsi bw'agatsiko,
ubutegetsi bw'igitugu akarengane, uburyarya, iterabwoba, ubuhubutsi, guheza
abandi, no gutonesha muri politiki.
Kimwe n'Abanyarwanda benshi, ndarebana agahinda uko
ingoma ya cyami- Repubulika igenda ivuka, yiyubaka ku mirambo y'abahutu n'abatutsi,
y'inshuti zanjye, y'abavandimwe banjye n'abaturanyi banjye, kugira ngo
inyungu z'agatsiko nta wundi mushinga w'ibanze, uretse uwo kurimbura
abahinyura ubutegetsi bwayo.
Gushaka gushyiraho ubutegetsi busumba abandi bukomeye,
gushaka kwinjiza mu bandi imitekerereze ya politiki idahwitse, kuko ari
iy'igitugu, hitwaje ko hahagaritswe itsembabwoko (ariko kandi ku buhe buryo
!), gushaka cyane kubikora ubu urebye umwuka uriho igihe tugamije twese
ihinduka rya politiki isa n'iya Starini bigaragara, ikagana politiki
ikurikira inzira ya demokarasi, ntabwo byemewe na busa.
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